KEY INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES OF SORGHUM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT OPTIONS Summary Sorghum S. bicolor is an important dryland crop, used for food, feed and biofuel in South Sudan. It accounts for 76% of total cereal production in the country (FAOSAT, 2017) . Despite being tolerant to pests and diseases, many invasive lepidopteran insect pests and diseases have emerged in the past and will continue to emerge to constrain sorghum production, hence, threatening food security. Introduction Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is one of the most important cereal crops in semi-arid tropics (SAT). It is an important diet for more than 500 million people in over 30 countries, especially in arid and semi-arid (ASA) regions of Africa (ICRISAT, 2015), Asia and Central America . Its production is, however, constrained by biotic and abiotic problems. It is infested by about 150 insect pests, which results in an annual loss of over $1billion in semi-arid regions of the world to ICRISAT (1992